Fracture is sometimes abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause the weakening of the bones. They commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Monitoring Diagnostic Procedures and Laboratory StudiesĪ fracture is a medical term used for a broken bone. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. Administering Medications and Pharmacological Support Managing Constipation and Improving Bowel Movement Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings Promoting Pain Relief and Pain Management Expand your knowledge base of nursing assessments, interventions, goal formulation, and nursing diagnoses, all customized to meet the distinct needs of patients with fracture. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.01.020.Make use of this in-depth nursing care plan and management roadmap to aid in the care of patients with fracture. Soft-tissue stabilizers of the distal radioulnar joint: an in vitro kinematic study. Anatomical and biomechanical study on the interosseous membrane of the cadaveric forearm. Interosseous membrane of the forearm: an anatomical study of ligament attachment locations. The middle radioulnar joint and triarticular forearm complex. Soubeyrand M, Wassermann V, Hirsch C, et al. European Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology: The EFORT Textbook. This might avoid confusion in forearm fracture-dislocations nomenclature and help surgeons with detection of lesions, guiding surgical treatment.Įssex-Lopresti Forearm fracture–dislocation classification Forearm joint Galeazzi Monteggia.ĭumontier C, Soubeyrand M. According to this classification, and similarly to that of the elbow, we could distinguish between simple dislocations and complex dislocations (fracture-dislocations) of the forearm joint.Īll injury patterns may be previously identified using an alphanumeric code. In addition to fracture-dislocations commonly referred to using historical eponyms (Monteggia, Galeazzi, and Essex-Lopresti), our classification system, to the best of the authors' knowledge, allowed us to include all types of dislocation and fracture-dislocation of the forearm joint reported in literature. Furthermore, we identified a group of three-locker injuries, other than Essex-Lopresti, associated with ulnar and/or radial shaft fracture causing longitudinal instability. We detected rare patterns of two-locker injuries, sometimes referred to using improper terms of variant or equivalent types of Monteggia and Galeazzi injuries. Three historical reviews were added separately to the process. According to exclusion criteria, 44 full-text articles describing atypical forearm fracture-dislocation were included. Įighty hundred eighty-four articles were identified through PubMed, and after bibliographic research, duplication removal, and study screening, 462 articles were selected. After article retrieval, the types of forearm lesion were classified using the following numerical algorithm: proximal forearm joint 1, middle radioulnar joint 2, if concomitant radial fracture R, if concomitant interosseous membrane rupture I, if concomitant ulnar fracture U, and distal radioulnar joint 3. Essex-Lopresti injury, Monteggia and Galeazzi fracture-dislocations, and proximal and/or distal radioulnar joint dislocations were sought. In this study we systematically review the literature to identify and classify all cases of forearm joint injury pattern according to the forearm joint and three-locker concepts.Ī comprehensive search of the PubMed database was performed based on major pathological conditions involving fracture-dislocation of the forearm. Uncommon variants and rare traumatic patterns of forearm fracture-dislocations have sometimes been reported in literature. Monteggia, Galeazzi, and Essex-Lopresti injuries are the most common types of fracture-dislocation of the forearm.
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